After wounding, callus forms, woundwood is a tough, woody tissue full of lignin that grows behind callus When woundwood closes wounds, then normal wood continues to form.

Alive; seeds must be alive in order to germinate.

The increase of plants by asexual means using vegetative parts. Normally results in a population of identical individuals. Can occur by either natural means (e.g., bulblets, cormels, offsets, plantlets, or runners) or artificial means (e.g. cuttings, division, budding, grafting, or layering).

A type of root system that grows straight down with few lateral roots.

The ability of any cell to develop into an entire plant.

The process of generating new plants by placing small pieces of plant material onto a sterile medium.

The upper part of the pistil which receives the pollen. The stigma is often sticky, or covered with fine hairs or grooves, or other anatomical features that help the pollen to adhere. It may be cleft into several parts.

The usually elongated part of the pistil that connects the ovary to the stigma.

Chilling seed under moist conditions. This method mimics the conditions a seed might endure after it falls to the ground in the autumn and goes through a cold winter on the ground.

A section of a stem prepared for vegetative propagation, a cutting.